Saliva, Sweat, and Exhaled Breath as Alternative Specimens for Exercise Chemistry: Analytical Advantages, Limitations, and Comparative Progress
J. Pang
Abstract
SESI-HRMS in Exercise Breathomics
This review highlights saliva, sweat, and exhaled breath as noninvasive matrices for monitoring exercise-related physiology. Among them, exhaled breath stands out for its ability to capture rapid metabolic changes on a second-scale timeframe. The review points to SESI-HRMS as one of the key analytical technologies advancing breathomics from the detection of individual volatile compounds toward real-time, pathway-level metabolic interpretation during exercise. For SESI-based breath analysis, this reinforces its potential as a powerful approach for noninvasive monitoring of substrate use, metabolic dynamics, and physiological responses in sports and exercise science.