Breath Signatures of Antiseizure Medication Response and Tolerability in Adults With Epilepsy
K. Fricke, D. M. Baur, K. D. Singh, F. Schmidt, K. Müsch, N. A. Sievi, M. Di Donato, A. Schmick, S. Ulrich, P. Sinues, M. Galovic, M. Kohler
Breath Metabolomics for Assessing Antiseizure Therapy Outcomes
Using SESI-HRMS, this observational study analyzed 127 exhaled-breath samples from 117 adults receiving antiseizure medication to investigate treatment response and adverse effects. Breath-based machine-learning models distinguished responders from nonresponders (AUC 0.84) and patients with versus without adverse effects (AUC 0.88), whereas serum drug concentrations showed no meaningful association with these outcomes. The findings support non-invasive pharmacodynamic phenotyping, although external validation is needed before clinical use.
Exhaled breath metabolomics: Clinical diagnostic applications, technological evolution and translational challenges
H. Liu, D. Li, Y. Xia, Y. Li
From Breath Biomarkers to Clinical Validation
This review examines the clinical potential of exhaled-breath metabolomics, covering mass-spectrometry approaches, including SESI-MS, sensor technologies and machine-learning methods. Across cancer, respiratory and infectious diseases, it highlights promising disease-associated breath signatures but identifies major barriers to routine use, including sampling variability, limited external validation and uncertain biomarker specificity. The authors position breath analysis as a complement to established diagnostics and call for standardised protocols, prospective multicentre studies and clinically interpretable models.
Saliva, Sweat, and Exhaled Breath as Alternative Specimens for Exercise Chemistry: Analytical Advantages, Limitations, and Comparative Progress
J. Pang
SESI-HRMS in Exercise Breathomics
This review highlights saliva, sweat, and exhaled breath as noninvasive matrices for monitoring exercise-related physiology. Among them, exhaled breath stands out for its ability to capture rapid metabolic changes on a second-scale timeframe. The review points to SESI-HRMS as one of the key analytical technologies advancing breathomics from the detection of individual volatile compounds toward real-time, pathway-level metabolic interpretation during exercise. For SESI-based breath analysis, this reinforces its potential as a powerful approach for noninvasive monitoring of substrate use, metabolic dynamics, and physiological responses in sports and exercise science.
Asthma in one breath: metabolic signatures for allergic asthma in children by real-time breath analysis
R Weber, B Streckenbach, J Kaeslin, L Welti, D Inci, N Perkins, R Zenobi, S Micic, A Möller.
We hypothesized that the breath of children with allergic asthma contains a unique signature of disease specific metabolites. Using secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS), we aimed to identify relevant VOCs to assess underlying interconnections between biomarkers belonging to common metabolic pathways in the pathophysiology of asthma.